19 abril 2026
Robin Hood. Chapter 1
Robin Hood. Chapter 1
It was the year of grace of 1162, under the reign of Henry II; two travellers, their clothes dirty from a long walk and their eyes exhausted with fatigue, were one night traversing the narrow paths of Sherwood Forest in the county of Nottingham.
The air was cold; The trees, where the faint greenery of March was already beginning to dawn, shuddered with the breath of the last winter wind, and a gloomy mist spread over the country as the purple clouds of the horizon faded the rays of the setting sun. Soon the sky turned dark, and gusts of wind over the forest foreshadowed a stormy night.
"Ritson," said the older traveller, wrapping himself in his cloak, "the wind is redoubling its violence; Are you not afraid that the storm will overtake us before it arrives? Are we on the right track?
Ritson replied:
"We are going straight to our destination, my lord, and, if my memory serves, within an hour we shall knock at the gamekeeper's door.
The two strangers walked in silence for three-quarters of an hour, and the traveller to whom his companion bestowed the style of my lord cried out impatiently:
"Will we get there soon?"
"In ten minutes, my lord.
"Well; but is that gamekeeper, this man you call Head, worthy of my confidence?
"Perfectly worthy, my lord; my brother-in-law Head is a rough, frank and honest man; he will listen with respect to the admirable story invented by his Lordship, and he will believe it; He does not know what a lie is, he does not even know distrust. "Look, my lord," cried Ritson cheerfully, interrupting his praise of the gamekeeper, "look there: that light that colours the trees with its reflection, well, it comes from Gilbert Head's house.
How many times in my youth have I greeted her full of happiness!
"Is the child asleep?" The gentleman asked suddenly.
"Yes, my lord," replied Ritson, "he is a sound sleeper, and I do not understand why your Lordship is so anxious to preserve the life of a little creature which is so injurious to his interests. If you want to get rid of this child forever, why don't you sink two inches of steel into his heart? I am at your service, speak. Promise me as a reward to write my name in your will, and this sleepy little man will never wake up again.
"Shut up!" The gentleman replied sharply. I do not wish the death of this innocent creature. I may fear being discovered in the future, but I prefer the anguish of fear to the remorse of a crime. Besides, I have reason to hope and even believe that the mystery surrounding the birth of this child will never be revealed. If it were not so, it could only be your doing, Ritson, and I swear to you that I will spend every moment of my life in keeping a strict watch on your actions and your gestures. Educated as a peasant, this child will not suffer the mediocrity of his condition; here happiness will be created in accordance with his tastes and customs, and he will never regret the name and fortune that he loses today without knowing them.
"Thy will be done, my lord!" Ritson replied coldly; but, really, the life of such a small child is not worth the fatigues of a journey from Huntingdonshire to Nottinghamshire.
At last the travellers stepped ashore in front of a beautiful hut hidden like a bird's nest in a forest clump.
"Hey! Head shouted Ritson in a cheerful, sonorous voice. Hey! Open quickly; It's raining heavily, and from here I see the fire in your fireplace. Open up, good man, it is a relative who asks you for hospitality.
The dogs roared inside the house, and the prudent guard answered first:
"Who's calling?"
"A friend."
"What friend?"
"Roland Ritson, your brother. Open up, good Gilbert.
"Roland Ritson, from Mansfield?"
"Yes, yes, the same, Margaret's brother. Come on, are you going to open? Ritson added impatiently. We will chat while we eat something.
The door opened at last and the travelers entered.
Gilbert Head cordially shook hands with his brother-in-law, and politely greeting the gentleman said:
"Messer Caballero, be welcome, and do not accuse me of having broken the laws of hospitality by keeping the door shut between you and my home." The isolation of this house and the wandering of the "outlaws" (bandits) through the forest demand prudence; It is not enough to be brave and strong to escape danger. Accept my excuses, noble stranger, and take my house for yours. Sit by the fire to dry your clothes; Now they will take care of your mounts. Hey! Lincoln! Gilbert cried, opening the door of an adjoining room, "take these gentlemen's horses to the shed, for our stable is too small."
Presently a stout peasant dressed as a gamekeeper appeared, crossed the room, and came out without even a blow
curious glance at newcomers; then a pretty woman, barely thirty years old, came to offer her two hands and forehead to Ritson's kisses.
"Dear Margaret! Dear sister! he shouted, caressing her as he looked at her with a candid mixture of admiration and surprise. You have not changed, your forehead is as pure, your eyes as bright, your cheeks and lips as rosy as in the days when our good Gilbert courted you.
"It's just that I'm happy," replied Margaret, directing a tender glance at her husband.
"You may say, we are happy, Maggie," added the honest gamekeeper. Thanks to your cheerful character there has been no anger or quarrel in our house yet. But we have already talked enough about it; let's take care of our guests... Well! dear brother-in-law, take off your cloak; and you, Messer Caballero, get rid of that rain that impregnates your clothes, like the morning dew on the leaves. We'll have dinner right away. Maggie, hurry, put a bundle or two of wood on the fireplace, place on the table the best dishes and on the beds the whitest sheets you have; quickly.
While the diligent young woman obeyed her husband, Ritson shed her cloak and discovered a beautiful child wrapped in a blue cashmere cloak. The round, fresh and red face of that child of barely fifteen months, announced perfect health and a robust constitution.
When she had carefully arranged the folds of that baby's headdress, Ritson placed her pretty little head under a beam of light that brought forth all her beauty, and called sweetly to her sister.
Margarita came.
"Maggie," he said, "I have a present for you, that you may not accuse me of coming to see you empty-handed after eight years' absence—here, look what I bring you."
"Holy Mary!" cried the young woman, clasping her hands. Holy Mary, a child! Ronald, is this wonderful little angel yours? Gilbert, Gilbert, come and see what a lovely boy!
"A child!" A child in Ritson's arms! And far from being enthusiastic like his wife, Gilbert cast a stern glance at his relative, "What does it all mean?" Why did you come here? What is that story of the baby? Come on, speak, be sincere, I want to know everything.
"This child does not belong to me, good Gilbert; he is an orphan, and this knight is his protector only of his own free will.
Margaret took hold of the little boy, who was still asleep, took him to her room, laid him on her bed, covered his hands and neck with kisses, wrapped him warmly in her beautiful festive tablecloth, and rejoined her guests.
Supper passed merrily, and at the end of the meal the knight said to the guard:
"Your lovely wife's interest in this child has determined me to make you a proposal concerning his future welfare. But first let me inform you of certain peculiarities concerning the family, birth and present situation of this poor orphan of whom I am the only protector. His father, a former comrade-in-arms in my youth, spent on the battlefields, was my best and most intimate friend. At the beginning of the reign of our glorious sovereign Henry II, we lived together in France, either in Normandy, in Aquitaine, or in Poitou and, after a separation of some years, we met again in Wales. Before leaving France, my friend had fallen madly in love with a young woman, married her, and brought her to England, with his family. Unfortunately, that family, a proud and haughty branch of a princely house full of idiotic prejudices, refused to admit into their bosom the young woman, who was poor and had no other nobility than that of her feelings. That injury wounded her in such a way that, eight days later, she died after having brought into the world the child whom we wish to entrust to your good care; he no longer has a father, because my poor friend was mortally wounded in a battle in Normandy, ten months ago. If God grants life and health to this child, he will be the companion of my old days; I will tell him the sad and glorious story of the author of his days, and I will teach him to walk steadily in the same paths that his brave father and I walked, in the meantime you will bring up the child as if he were your own, and I swear to you that you will not do it gratuitously. Answer, Master Gilbert, do you accept my proposal?
The gentleman waited anxiously for the answer of the gamekeeper who, before committing himself, questioned his wife with his eyes; but pretty Margaret turned her head and tilted it to the door of the next room, smiling and trying to hear the imperceptible murmur of the child's breathing.
Ritson, who was furtively scanning out of the corner of his eye the expression of the physiognomy of the two spouses, understood that his sister was ready to take charge of the child in spite of Gilbert's hesitations, and said in a very persuasive voice:
"The laughter of that angel will be the joy of your home, my sweet Maggie, and I swear to you by St. Peter that you will hear another sound no less cheerful; the sound of guineas that His Lordship will put in your hand every year.
"Do you hesitate, Master Gilbert?" said the gentleman, frowning.
Do you dislike my proposal?
"Excuse me, my lord, your proposal is very agreeable to me, and we will take care of the child if my dear Maggie has no objection. Come, woman, say what you think; Your will will be mine.
"Well, I'll be his mother. Then, turning to the knight, he added, "And if you ever wish to recover your adopted son, we will return him to you with a heavy heart, but we will console ourselves for his loss by thinking that henceforth he will be happier with you than under the humble roof of a poor gamekeeper.
"My wife's words are a commitment," replied Gilbert, "and I swear to watch over this child and to serve as his father. I give you my word, Messer Caballero.
And taking one of his gauntlets from his girdle, he threw it on the table.
"One word for another, and one glove for another," replied the gentleman, also throwing a gauntlet on the table. Now we have to agree on the price of the baby's pension. Have this, good man; every year you will receive as much.
And taking from his doublet a little leather bag full of gold coins, he tried to put it into the hands of the gamekeeper.
But he refused.
"Keep your gold, my lord; Margarita's caresses and bread are not sold.
For a while the little leather bag went from Gilbert's hands to the gentleman's. Finally, and at Margaret's suggestion, they agreed that the money received each year in payment of the child's alimony should be kept in a safe place, to be delivered to the orphan when he reached the age of majority.
Once the matter had been arranged to everyone's liking, they separated to go to sleep. The next day Gilbert arose at dawn and looked enviously at the horses of his guests; Lincoln was already taking care of its cleaning.
Then he realized that the travelers had taken his poor horses, two ugly ponies, and had gone away, leaving him their excellent mounts. However, he was upset that Ritson had not said goodbye. His wife defended her brother:
"Don't you know that Ritson avoids coming to this region since the death of your poor sister, Anita, his fiancée?" The air of happiness in our house must have awakened their sorrows.
"You're right, woman," Gilbert replied with a great sigh. Poor Anita!
"The worst thing about it," replied Margaret, "is that we know neither the name nor the address of the child's protector. How will we tell you if you fall ill? And what shall we call the child?
"Choose the name, Margarita.
"Choose it yourself, Gilbert; He's a boy, and it's up to you.
"Well; if you wish, we will give him the name of the brother I loved so much; I cannot think of Anita without remembering the unfortunate Robin.
"Well, he is already baptized, our gentle Robin!" Margarita exclaimed, covering with kisses the face of the child who was already smiling at her as if sweet Margarita had been his mother.
Thus, the orphan was given the name Robin Head. Later, and without known cause, the word Head was changed to Hood, and the little stranger became very famous throughout the county of Nottingham under the name of Robin Hood.
Robin Hood. Capítulo 1
Robin Hood. Capítulo 1
Era el año de gracia de 1162, bajo el reinado de Enrique II; dos viajeros, con las vestimentas sucias por una larga caminata y el aspecto extenuado por la fatiga, atravesaban una noche los estrechos senderos del bosque de Sherwood, en el condado de Nottingham.
El aire era frío; los árboles, donde empezaban ya a despuntar los débiles verdores de marzo, se estremecían con el soplo del último cierzo invernal, y una sombría niebla se extendía sobre la comarca a medida que se apagaban sobre las purpúreas nubes del horizonte los rayos del sol poniente. Pronto el cielo se volvió oscuro, y unas ráfagas de viento sobre el bosque presagiaron una noche tormentosa.
—Ritson —dijo el viajero de más edad, envolviéndose en su capa—, el viento está redoblando su violencia; ¿no teméis que la tormenta nos sorprenda antes de llegar? ¿Estamos en el buen camino?
Ritson respondió:
—Vamos derechos a nuestro destino, milord, y, si mi memoria no falla, antes de una hora llamaremos a la puerta del guardabosque.
Los dos desconocidos anduvieron en silencio durante tres cuartos de hora, y el viajero a quien su compañero otorgaba el tratamiento de milord gritó impaciente:
—¿Llegaremos pronto?
—Dentro de diez minutos, milord.
—Bien; pero ese guardabosque, ese hombre a quien llamas Head, ¿es digno de mi confianza?
—Perfectamente digno, milord; mi cuñado Head es un hombre rudo, franco y honrado; escuchará con respeto la admirable historia inventada por Su Señoría, y la creerá; no sabe lo que es una mentira, ni siquiera conoce la desconfianza. Fijaos, milord —gritó alegremente Ritson, interrumpiendo sus elogios sobre el guardabosque—, mirad allí: aquella luz que colorea los árboles con su reflejo, pues bien, proviene de la casa de Gilbert Head.
¡Cuántas veces en mi juventud la he saludado lleno de felicidad!
—¿Está dormido el niño? —preguntó de repente el hidalgo.
—Sí, milord —respondió Ritson—, duerme profundamente y a fe mía que no comprendo por qué Su Señoría se preocupa tanto por conservar la vida de una pequeña criatura que tanto daña a sus intereses. Si queréis desembarazaros para siempre de este niño, ¿por qué no le hundís dos pulgadas de acero en el corazón? Estoy a vuestras órdenes, hablad. Prometedme como recompensa escribir mi nombre en vuestro testamento, y este pequeño dormilón no volverá a despertarse.
—¡Cállate! —repuso bruscamente el hidalgo—. No deseo la muerte de esta inocente criatura. Puedo temer ser descubierto en el futuro, pero prefiero la angustia del temor a los remordimientos de un crimen. Además, tengo motivos para esperar e incluso creer que el misterio que envuelve el nacimiento de este niño no será desvelado jamás. Si no ocurriera así, sólo podría ser obra tuya, Ritson, y te juro que emplearé todos los instantes de mi vida en vigilar rigurosamente tus actos y tus gestos. Educado como un campesino, este niño no sufrirá la mediocridad de su condición; aquí se creará una felicidad de acuerdo con sus gustos y costumbres, y jamás lamentará el nombre y la fortuna que hoy pierde sin conocerlos.
—¡Hágase vuestra voluntad, milord! —replicó fríamente Ritson—; pero, de verdad, la vida de un niño tan pequeño no vale las fatigas de un viaje desde Huntingdonshire a Nottinghamshire.
Por fin los viajeros echaron pie a tierra ante una bonita cabaña escondida como un nido de pájaros en un macizo del bosque.
—¡Eh! Head gritó Ritson con voz alegre y sonora-. ¡Eh! Abre deprisa; está lloviendo mucho, y desde aquí veo el fuego de tu chimenea. Abre, buen hombre, es un pariente quien te pide hospitalidad.
Los perros rugieron en el interior de la casa, y el prudente guarda respondió en primer lugar:
—¿Quién llama?
—Un amigo.
—¿Qué amigo?
—Roland Ritson, tu hermano. Abre, buen Gilbert.
—¿Roland Ritson, de Mansfield?
—Sí, sí, el mismo, el hermano de Margarita. Vamos, ¿vas a abrir? — añadió Ritson impaciente—. Charlaremos mientras comemos algo.
La puerta se abrió al fin y los viajeros entraron.
Gilbert Head dio cordialmente la mano a su cuñado y saludando cortésmente al hidalgo le dijo:
—Micer caballero, sed bienvenido, y no me acuséis de haber infringido las leyes de la hospitalidad por haber mantenido cerrada la puerta entre vos y mi hogar. El aislamiento de esta casa y el vagabundeo de los «outlaws» (bandidos) por el bosque exigen prudencia; no basta ser valiente y fuerte para escapar del peligro. Aceptad mis excusas, noble forastero, y tomad mi casa por la vuestra. Sentaos al fuego para que se sequen vuestros vestidos; ahora ya se ocuparán de vuestras monturas. ¡Eh! ¡Lincoln! —gritó Gilbert entreabriendo la puerta de una habitación contigua—, lleva los caballos de estos caballeros al cobertizo, porque nuestra cuadra es demasiado pequeña.
En seguida apareció un robusto campesino vestido de guardabosque, atravesó la sala, y salió sin echar siquiera una
mirada de curiosidad a los recién llegados; luego, una linda mujer, de apenas treinta años, vino a ofrecer sus dos manos y su frente a los besos de Ritson.
—¡Querida Margarita! ¡Querida hermana! —gritaba éste acariciándola mientras la contemplaba con una cándida mezcla de admiración y sorpresa—. No has cambiado, tu frente es tan pura, tus ojos tan brillantes, tan rosadas tus mejillas y tus labios como en los tiempos en que nuestro buen Gilbert te cortejaba.
—Es que soy feliz —respondió Margarita dirigiendo una tierna mirada a su marido.
—Puedes decir: somos felices, Maggie -añadió el honrado guardabosque-. Gracias a tu alegre carácter no ha habido todavía ni enfados ni querellas en nuestra casa. Pero ya hemos hablado bastante de ello; ocupémonos de nuestros huéspedes… ¡Bueno! querido cuñado, quítate la capa; y vos, micer caballero, deshaceos de esa lluvia que impregna vuestros vestidos, como el rocío de la mañana sobre las hojas. Cenaremos enseguida. Maggie, deprisa, pon uno o dos haces de leña en la chimenea, coloca sobre la mesa los mejores platos y en las camas las más blancas sábanas que tengas; deprisa.
Mientras que la diligente joven obedecía a su marido, Ritson se desprendió de su capa y descubrió a un precioso niño envuelto en un manto de cachemira azul. La cara redonda, fresca y encarnada de aquel niño de apenas quince meses, anunciaba una salud perfecta y una robusta constitución.
Una vez que hubo arreglado cuidadosamente los pliegues del tocado de aquel bebé, Ritson colocó su pequeña y linda cabeza bajo un rayo de luz que hizo resurgir toda su belleza, y llamó dulcemente a su hermana.
Margarita acudió.
—Maggie —le dijo—, tengo un regalo para ti, para que no puedas acusarme de haber venido a verte con las manos vacías después de ocho años de ausencia…, toma, mira lo que te traigo.
—¡Santa María! —gritó la joven juntando sus manos—. ¡Santa María, un niño! Ronald, ¿es tuyo este angelito tan maravilloso? ¡Gilbert, Gilbert, ven a ver que niño más encantador!
—¡Un niño! ¡Un niño en brazos de Ritson! —Y lejos de entusiasmarse como su mujer, Gilbert lanzó una severa mirada a su pariente—, ¿Qué significa todo esto? ¿Por qué has venido aquí? ¿Qué historia es esa del bebé? Vamos, habla, sé sincero, quiero saberlo todo.
—Este niño no me pertenece, buen Gilbert; es huérfano, y este caballero es su protector sólo por voluntad propia.
Margarita se apoderó vivamente del pequeño, que aún dormía, le llevó a su habitación, le depositó en su cama, le cubrió las manos y el cuello de besos, le envolvió cálidamente en su bello mantelete de fiesta, y volvió a reunirse con sus huéspedes.
La cena transcurrió alegremente y, al final de la comida el caballero dijo al guarda:
—El interés que vuestra encantadora mujer demuestra para con este niño me ha decidido a haceros una proposición relativa a su bienestar futuro. Pero primero permitidme informaros de ciertas peculiaridades referentes a la familia, nacimiento y situación actual de este pobre huérfano de quien soy el único protector. Su padre, antiguo compañero de armas en mi juventud, pasada en los campos de batallas, fue mi mejor y más íntimo amigo. Al comienzo del reinado de nuestro glorioso soberano Enrique II, vivimos juntos en Francia, ya en Normandía, en Aquitania, o en Poitou y, después de una separación de algunos años, volvimos a encontrarnos en el país de Gales. Antes de abandonar Francia, mi amigo se había enamorado perdidamente de una joven, se había casado con ella y la había traído a Inglaterra, junto a su familia. Por desgracia, aquella familia, orgullosa y altiva rama de una casa principesca y llena de prejuicios idiotas, se negó a admitir en su seno a la joven, que era pobre y no tenía más nobleza que la de sus sentimientos. Aquella injuria la hirió de tal manera que, ocho días después, murió después de haber traído al mundo al niño que queremos confiar a vuestros buenos cuidados; ya no tiene padre, porque mi pobre amigo cayó herido de muerte en un combate en Normandía, hace de ello diez meses. Si Dios concede vida y salud a este niño, será el compañero de mis días de vejez; le contaré la triste y gloriosa historia del autor de sus días, y le enseñaré a andar con paso firme por los mismos senderos que anduvimos su valiente padre y yo, entretanto vos criaréis al niño como si fuera vuestro, y os juro que no lo haréis gratuitamente. Responded, maestro Gilbert: ¿aceptáis mi proposición?
El caballero esperó ansiosamente la respuesta del guardabosque quien, antes de comprometerse, interrogaba a su mujer con la mirada; pero la bonita Margaret volvía la cabeza y la inclinaba hacia la puerta de la habitación de al lado, sonriendo y tratando de escuchar el imperceptible murmullo de la respiración del niño.
Ritson, que analizaba furtivamente con el rabillo del ojo la expresión de la fisonomía de los dos esposos, comprendió que su hermana estaba dispuesta a hacerse cargo del niño a pesar de las vacilaciones de Gilbert, y dijo con voz muy persuasiva:
—La risa de ese ángel será la alegría de tu hogar, mi dulce Maggie, y te juro por san Pedro que oirás otro sonido no menos alegre; el sonido de las guineas que Su Señoría pondrá cada año en tu mano.
—¿Vaciláis, maestro Gilbert? —dijo el caballero frunciendo el ceño—.
¿Os disgusta mi proposición?
—Perdón, mi señor, vuestra proposición me resulta muy agradable y nos haremos cargo del niño si mi querida Maggie no tiene ningún inconveniente. Vamos, mujer, di lo que piensas; tu voluntad será la mía.
—Bien, yo seré su madre. —Luego, dirigiéndose al caballero, añadió—: Y si algún día quisierais recobrar a vuestro hijo adoptivo, os lo devolveremos con el corazón oprimido, pero nos consolaremos de su pérdida pensando que en adelante será más feliz junto a vos que bajo el humilde techo de un pobre guardabosque.
—Las palabras de mi mujer constituyen un compromiso —repuso Gilbert —, y, por mi parte, juro velar por este niño y servirle de padre. Os doy mi palabra, micer caballero.
Y tomando de su cinto uno de sus guanteletes, lo echó sobre la mesa.
—Una palabra por otra y un guante por otro —replicó el hidalgo, echando también un guantelete sobre la mesa—. Ahora hemos de ponernos de acuerdo sobre el precio de la pensión del bebé. Tened, buen hombre, tomad esto; todos los años recibiréis otro tanto.
Y sacando de su jubón una bolsita de cuero, llena de monedas de oro, intentó ponerla en manos del guardabosque.
Pero éste rehusó.
—Guardad vuestro oro, mi señor; las caricias y el pan de Margarita no se venden.
Durante un rato la pequeña bolsa de cuero fue de las manos de Gilbert a las del caballero. Al fin, y a propuesta de Margarita, convinieron que el dinero recibido cada año en pago de la pensión del niño fuera guardado en lugar seguro, para ser entregado al huérfano al alcanzar su mayoría de edad.
Una vez arreglado aquel asunto a gusto de todos, se separaron para ir a dormir. Al día siguiente, Gilbert se levantó al amanecer y miró con envidia los caballos de sus huéspedes; Lincoln se ocupaba ya de su limpieza.
Entonces se dio cuenta de que los viajeros habían cogido sus pobres caballos, dos feas jacas, y se habían marchado dejándole sus excelentes monturas. No obstante, le contrarió el que Ritson no se hubiera despedido. Su mujer defendió a su hermano:
—¿Acaso no sabes que Ritson evita venir a esta región desde la muerte de tu pobre hermana, Anita, su prometida? El aire de felicidad de nuestra casa habrá despertado sus penas.
—Tienes razón, mujer —respondió Gilbert con un gran suspiro—. ¡Pobre Anita!
—Lo peor del asunto —respondió Margarita— es que no sabemos ni el nombre ni la dirección del protector del niño. ¿Cómo le avisaremos si cae enfermo? ¿Y cómo llamaremos al niño?
—Escoge el nombre, Margarita.
—Escógelo tú mismo, Gilbert; es un muchacho, y a ti te corresponde.
—Pues bien; si tú quieres, le daremos el nombre del hermano que tanto amé; no puedo pensar en Anita sin acordarme del infortunado Robín.
—Sea, ya está bautizado, ¡nuestro gentil Robín! —exclamó Margarita cubriendo de besos la cara del niño que le sonreía ya como si la dulce Margarita hubiera sido su madre.
Así pues, el huérfano recibió el nombre de Robín Head. Más tarde, y sin causa conocida, la palabra Head se cambió por Hood, y el pequeño forastero se hizo muy célebre en todo el condado de Nottingham bajo el nombre de Robín Hood.
International organizations and the countries that comprise them
International organizations and the countries that comprise them
UE; European Union; Germany, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Czech Republic, Romania.
ONU; United Nations; Albania, Germany, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Croatia, Denmark, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Czech Republic, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine; Argentina; Bolivia; Haiti, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, Mexico; USA; Canada; Angola, Algeria, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cape Verde, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Eritrea, Eswatini or Swaziland, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea Madagascar, Malawi, Mali or Mali, Morocco, Mauritius, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Republic Central African Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa Uganda, Djibouti, Zambia, Zimbabwe; Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bahrain, Burma, Brunei, Bhutan, Cambodia, Qatar, China, Cyprus, North Korea, South Korea, United Arab Emirates, Philippines, Georgia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Russia, Singapore, Syria, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Tajikistan, East Timor, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen; Australia, Fiji, Marshall Islands, Solomon Islands, Kiribati, Micronesia, Nauru, New Zealand, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Guam, Christmas Island, Norfolk Island, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Cocos Islands, North Atlantic, Pitcairn Islands, Minor Outlying Islands, Niue, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, American Samoa, Tokelau, Wallis and Futuna, Moluccas, North Maluku, Papua, West Papua, Hawaii, Easter Island
NATO; North Atlantic Treaty Organization; Albania, Germany, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Spain, Estonia, United States, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, United Kingdom, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Turkey.
CSTO; Collective Security Treaty Organization; Russia, Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan
SCO; Shanghai Cooperation Organization; China, Russia, India, Pakistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan
Five Eyes; Five Eyes Intelligence Alliance; United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand
ANZUS; Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty; Australia, New Zealand, United States
Arab League; League of Arab States; Saudi Arabia, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Sudan, Somalia, Djibouti, Comoros, Mauritania, Yemen
WTO; World Trade Organization; More than 160 countries
ASEAN; Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Philippines, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Brunei.
Mercosur; Southern Common Market; Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay.
USMCA; United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement; United States, Canada, Mexico.
RCEP; Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership; China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand + ASEAN
Andean Community; Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.
African Union; 55 African countries
ECOWAS; Economic Community of West African States; Nigeria, Ghana, Senegal, Ivory Coast, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Benin, Togo, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde.
OPEC; Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries; Algeria, Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Libya, and Nigeria Saudi Arabia (de facto leader), United Arab Emirates, Iraq, Iran, and Kuwait; Venezuela.
European countries that are not part of the EU:
Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cyprus, Georgia, Iceland, Liechtenstein, North Macedonia, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Norway, Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Switzerland
Countries that are not members of the UN:
Vatican City, Puerto Rico, and Palestine (observer).
All NATO countries are European except for the US and Canada (North American) and Turkey (Asian), which are also members.
Organizaciones Internacionales y países que comprenden
Organizaciones Internacionales y países que comprenden
UE; Unión Europea; Alemania, Austria, Bélgica, Bulgaria, Croacia, Dinamarca, Eslovaquia, Eslovenia, España, Estonia, Finlandia, Francia, Grecia, Hungría, Irlanda, Italia, Letonia, Lituania, Luxemburgo, Malta, Países Bajos, Polonia, Portugal, República Checa, Rumanía
ONU; Organización de las Naciones Unidas; Albania, Alemania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaiyán, Bélgica, Bielorrusia, Bosnia y Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Chipre, Croacia, Dinamarca, Eslovaquia, Eslovenia, España, Estonia, Finlandia, Francia, Georgia, Grecia, Hungría, Lilandia, Island Luxemburgo, Macedonia del Norte, Malta, Moldavia, Mónaco, Montenegro, Noruega, Países Bajos, Polonia, Portugal, Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte, Chequia, Rumania, Rusia, San Marino, Serbia, Suecia, Suiza, Turquía, Ucrania; Argentina:, Bolivia: . Haití, Jamaica, República Dominicana, Santa Lucía, Trinidad y Tobago, Mejico, EEUU, Canadá; Angola, Argelia, Benin, Botsuana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Camerún, Chad, Comoras, Costa de Marfil, Egipto, Eritrea, Esuatini o Suazilandia, Etiopía, Gabón, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bisáu, Guinea Madagascar, Malawi, Malí o Malí, Marruecos, Mauricio, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Níger, Nigeria, República Centroafricana, República del Congo, República Democrática del Congo, Ruanda, Santo Tomé y Príncipe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leona, Somalia, Sudáfrica Uganda, Yibuti, Zambia, Zimbabue; Afganistán, Arabia Saudí, Armenia, Azerbaiyán, Bangladesh, Barhein, Birmania, Brunei, Bután, Camboya, Catar, China, Chipre, Corea del Norte, Corea del Sur, Emiratos Arabes, Filipinas, Georgia, India, Indonesia, Irán, Irak, Israel, Japón Kuwait, Laos, Líbano, Malasia, Maldivas, Mongolia, Nepal, Omán, Pakistán, Palestina, Rusia, Singapur, Siria, Sri Lanka, Tailandia, Tayikistán, Timor Oriental, Turquía, Turkmenistán, Uzbekistán, Vietnam, Yemén; Australia, Fiyi, Islas Marshall, Islas Salomón, Kiribati, Micronesia, Nauru, Nueva Zelanda, Palaos, Papua Nueva Guinea, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Guam, Isla de Navidad, Isla Norfolk, Islas Ashmore y Cartier, Islas Cocos, Norte, Islas Pitcairn, Islas Ultramarinas menores, Niue, Nueva Caledonia, Polinesia Francesa, Samoa Americana, Tokelau, Wallis y Futuna, Molucas, Molucas del Norte, Papúa, Papúa Occidental, Hawái, Isla de Pascua,
OTAN; Organización Tratado del Atlántico Norte; Albania, Alemania, Bélgica, Bulgaria, Canadá, Croacia, Chequia, Dinamarca, España, Estonia, Estados Unidos, Finlandia, Francia, Grecia, Hungría, Islandia, Italia, Letonia, Lituania, Luxemburgo, Montenegro, Países Bajos, Polonia, Portugal, Reino Unido, Rumania, Eslovaquia, Eslovenia, Suecia, Turquía.
CSTO; Collective Security Treaty Organization; Rusia, Bielorrusia, Armenia, Kazajistán, Kirguizistán, Tayikistán
SCO; Shanghai Cooperation Organization; China, Rusia, India, Pakistán, Irán, Kazajstán, Uzbekistán, Kirguizistán, Tayikistán
Five Eyes; Five Eyes Intelligence Alliance; Estados Unidos, Reino Unido, Canadá, Australia, Nueva Zelanda
ANZUS; Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty; Australia, Nueva Zelanda, Estados Unidos.
Liga Árabe; League of Arab States; Arabia Saudita, Egipto, Emiratos Árabes Unidos, Qatar, Kuwait, Omán, Irak, Siria, Jordania, Líbano, Palestina, Argelia, Marruecos, Túnez, Libia, Sudán, Somalia, Yibuti, Comoras, Mauritania, Yemen
OMC; Organización Mundial del Comercio (World Trade Organization); Más de 160 países
ASEAN; Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Indonesia, Malasia, Singapur, Tailandia, Filipinas, Vietnam, Laos, Camboya, Myanmar, Brunei
Mercosur; Mercado Común del Sur; Argentina, Brasil, Paraguay, Uruguay
USMCA; United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement; Estados Unidos, Canadá, México
RCEP; Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership; China, Japón, Corea del Sur, Australia, Nueva Zelanda + ASEAN
Comunidad Andina; Comunidad Andina; Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú
Unión Africana; African Union; 55 países africanos
CEDEAO; Comunidad Económica de los Estados de África Occidental (ECOWAS); Nigeria, Ghana, Senegal, Costa de Marfil, Malí, Burkina Faso, Níger, Benin, Togo, Guinea, Sierra Leona, Liberia, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Cabo Verde.
OPEP; Organización de países exportadores de petróleo; Argelia, Congo, Gabón, Guinea Ecuatorial, Libia y Nigería; Arabia Saudita (líder de facto), Emiratos Árabes Unidos, Irak, Irán y Kuwait; Venezuela.
Países de Europa que no forman parte de la UE:
Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Azerbaiyán, Bielorrusia, Bosnia y Herzegovina, Chipre, Georgia, Islandia, Liechtenstein, Macedonia del Norte, Moldavia, Mónaco, Montenegro, Noruega, Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte, Rusia, San Marino, Serbia, Suiza
Países del mundo que no pertenecen a la ONU:
Vaticano, Puerto Rico, y Palestina (observador).
Todos los países de la OTAN son europeos excepto EEUU y Canada (americanos) y Turquía (Asiático) que también forman parte.
11 abril 2026
Positive Psychology
I've published this text several times before—in 2010, 2025, and so on—but given that international corrupt officials and negative state, regional, island, and municipal authorities are pushing us toward a sad, bleak world, devoid of opportunities for young people and the environment in general, whether you've read it before or are currently reading this blog, I'm repeating it, as I will repeat others I deem necessary to help us achieve a positive and happy life, both individually and collectively.
Positive Psychology:
Positive psychology is the psychological discipline that studies the foundations of a person's positive emotions and their strengths.
Positive emotions include personal well-being, happiness, joy, and love.
These are strengths, positive attributes, or aspects of a person—those personal characteristics that facilitate positive interpersonal relationships, whether to improve personal well-being or happiness, or to achieve personal, social, or professional goals, or any other type of goal that is rewarding for both the person who refers us to them and the people to whom we are referred.
Professor Martin Seligman, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania and former director of the American Psychological Association (APA), is considered the true representative of this psychological approach, which gained prestige worldwide starting in 1990.
Humanistic psychology can be considered the precursor to positive psychology. Humanistic psychology is that branch of psychology that not only considers the person as the object of its study but also as the beneficiary of it (Carl Rogers: "Client-Centered Psychology and Psychotherapy." Maslow: "Self-Actualization and the Satisfaction of Basic Human Needs"). Maslow criticizes a common approach in psychological and psychiatric research: focusing on deficiencies and pathologies (which entails concentrating on the negative and disintegrating aspects of personality) and, from there, developing the field of psychological knowledge. He argues that psychology should focus on the healthy person (emotionally untroubled). For Maslow, people are inherently good and strive for self-actualization; the problem is that this inherently good human nature and tendency are weak and too often overcome by social pressures.
Returning to positive psychology and its leading figure, Martin Seligman: He dedicated many years to the clinical study of depression, until he decided that psychology could serve a purpose far beyond simply curing illnesses. Psychology should not be solely a clinical tool for healing, but should be applied to people without problems to increase their personal well-being and happiness. According to Seligman, author of "Authentic Happiness" (2002), psychology could help us become happier.
For the first time, neuroscientists, philosophers, psychologists, and Eastern Buddhists are working together in the pursuit of happiness.
Each contributes their knowledge from their perspective and professional field, with different theories and explanations, but with two shared conclusions:
1. Happiness can never be found in the "I," it is always found in the "we."
2. Happiness can be learned.
Furthermore: Happiness is contagious: "If your friend's friend is happy, you are happy." Let's remember the "I'm OK - You're OK" principle: "I'm better when those around me are better," from humanistic psychology.
For Seligman, happiness consists of creating a life that includes enjoyable moments, dedication and commitment to one's work, and a life purpose that transcends oneself.
Seligman has designed a series of exercises that train the capacity to be happy in each of these facets. His method proposes taking the happiness level test, completing the proposed exercises, and then taking the test again to check for progress. It guarantees improvement.
The test is available in Spanish online thanks to Professor Carmel Vázquez, Chair of the Complutense University of Madrid:
Learn more about positive psychology:
You can see the topic of humanistic psychology:
............................................
Positive Psychology Websites:
- Web Happier.com (in English) by Martin Seligman
- Positive psychology website (in Spanish) by Martin Seligman
- Positive psychology website by Beatriz Vera Poseck (in Spanish)
Links of interest:
Psychology Writings
Psychology of Gloria Marsellach
COP / COPIB / AOIB
General Council of Colleges of Psychologists of Spain
Official College of Psychologists of them Balearic Islands
Antoni Ramis Caldentey
Social humanist psychologist
Psicologia positiva
Este escrito ya lo he publicado varias veces anteriormente, el año 2010, 2025,..., pero dado que las ratas de alcantarilla internacionales y los negativos estatales, comunitarios, insulares y municipales se empujan al ofrecernos un mundo triste, negro, carente de oportunidades para los jóvenes y la gente y la ecología en general, ecología en general lo hayan leído anteriormente y actualmente lea el blog, lo repito, como repetiré algunos que considere necesarios para procurarnos una vida positiva y feliz tanto individual como colectivamente
Psicología positiva:
La psicología positiva es la disciplina psicológica que estudia las bases de las emociones positivas de la persona y sus fortalezas o puntos fuertes.
Son emociones positivas el bienestar personal, la felicidad, la alegría o el amor.
Son puntos fuertes, fortalezas o aspectos positivos de la persona, en una determinada, aquellas características personales que le facilitan las relaciones interpersonales positivas bien sea para mejorar el bienestar personal o felicidad propia, bien sea para poder conseguir objetivos personales, sociales de simple relación personal o laboral (de trabajo) o de cualquier otro tipo, que resulten gratificantes tanto para la persona de quienes nos refieran a las personas con quienes nos refieran.
Se considera el profesor Martín Seligman, profesor de Pensilvania y ex director de la Asociación Americana de Psicología (APA), como el verdadero representante de esta corriente psicológica, que adquiere prestigio, en el mundo, a partir de 1990.
Puede considerarse que la psicología humanista es la precursora de la psicología positiva. La psicología humanista es aquella psicología que no sólo tiene la persona como objeto de su estudio, sino también como beneficiaria de éste (Carl Rogers: "La psicología y la psicoterapia centrada en el cliente". Maslow: "La autorrealización personal y la satisfacción de las necesidades básicas humanas"). Maslow se queja de una actitud muy común de la investigación psicológica y psiquiátrica consistente en centrarse en las deficiencias y patologías (lo que conlleva centrarse en los aspectos negativos y desintegradores de la personalidad) y, a partir de ahí, desarrollar el campo de conocimientos psicológicos. Él dice que lo que debe hacerse, en psicología, es centrarse en la persona sana (emocionalmente sin problemas). Para Maslow la persona es naturalmente buena y tiende a su autorrealización personal, el problema es que esa naturaleza y tendencia humanas, buenas por naturaleza, son débiles y se ven vencidas con excesiva frecuencia por las presiones sociales.
Volviendo a la psicología positiva ya su máximo representante Martín Seligman: Se dedicó durante muchos años al estudio clínico de la depresión, hasta que decidió que la psicología podía servir por mucho más que para curar enfermedades. La psicología no debe ser únicamente un instrumento clínico de curación, sino que debe aplicarse en las personas sin problemas para poder incrementar su bienestar y felicidad personales. La psicología por Seligman, autor de "La auténtica felicidad" (2002), podía servir para ser más felices.
Por primera vez neurocientíficos, filósofos, psicólogos y budistas orientales trabajan coordinadamente en busca de la felicidad.
Cada uno aporta sus conocimientos desde su perspectiva y campo profesional y con teorías y explicaciones distintas, pero con dos conclusiones coincidentes:
1 La felicidad no se puede encontrar nunca en el "yo", se encuentra siempre en el "nosotros".
2 A ser felices se puede aprender.
Además: La felicidad es contagiosa: "Si el amigo de tu amigo se alegra, tú te alegras". Recordemos lo: "Yo estoy bien - tú estás bien": "Yo estoy mejor cuando mejor están los que me rodean" de la psicología humanista.
Para Seligman, la felicidad consiste en crear una vida que contenga momentos agradables, dedicación y compromiso con la labor que uno tiene, y un propósito vital que trascienda a uno mismo.
Seligman ha diseñado una serie de ejercicios que entrenan la capacidad para ser feliz en cada una de estas facetas. Su método propone realizar el test de nivel de felicidad, realizar los ejercicios propuestos y volver a pasar el test para comprobar los avances. Garantiza mejoras.
El test está disponible en español en internet gracias al profesor Carmel Vázquez, catedrático de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid:
Amplia el tema de la psicología positiva:
Puedes ver el tema de la psicología humanista:
http://arcoatlantico.blogspot.com/2010/05/psicologia-humanista.html
..........................................
..........................................
Webs de Psicologia positiva:
- Web Happier.com (en anglès) de Martin Seligman
http://www.happier.com/form.htm
- Web de psicologia positiva (en espanyol) de Martin Seligman
- Web de psicologia positiva (en espanyol) de Martin Seligman
http://spanish.authentichappiness.org/Default.aspx
- Web de psicologia positiva de Beatriz Vera Poseck (en espanyol)
- Web de psicologia positiva de Beatriz Vera Poseck (en espanyol)
Enllaços d'interès:
Antoni Ramis Caldentey
Psicòleg humanista social
Countries of the world and the organizations they belong to
NATO: Albania, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United States
Currently, there are 32 member countries, with Finland (2023) and Sweden (2024) being the most recent additions.
SCO: China, Russia, India, Pakistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan
What do you think would happen if an Eastern country attacked a NATO country without provocation? NATO would likely defend it as a bloc. But what if that attacking country were China or Russia? NATO countries would probably have a problem; they'd think twice, play it cool, and ask a friendly country to intervene to restore peace without having to resort to military action. And what if it were the other way around, with a NATO country attacking a South Asian country, as has actually happened with the joint Israeli-US attack on Palestine, Iran, and Lebanon? The US, under Trump, jumped into the deep end without checking if there was water. The genocidal Israel attacks, kills, and destroys all that neighboring land with an imperialist ambition that, in time, would like all of Europe to become Israel. But they've discovered that Iran isn't as weak as they'd calculated, and the US, Trump, is losing its nerve to secure a ceasefire with Iran, a member of the SCO (the same SCO that also includes China and Russia), so they can escape this hell that isn't theirs, this war that isn't theirs, it's their friend's. And what is that repugnant, genocidal rat of Israel doing in the meantime, while the others are busy negotiating? It continues attacking, killing, and destroying Palestine and Lebanon, countries that don't belong to the SCO. We'll see how all this ends. What is clear, as history shows us, is that if no one stops Israel's imperialist and genocidal ambitions, we will end up seeing the Israeli Empire encompassing the entire Middle East and all of Europe.
Países del mundo y organizaciones a las que pertenecen
OTAN: Albania, Alemania, Bélgica, Bulgaria, Canadá, Croacia, Chequia, Dinamarca, España, Estonia, Estados Unidos, Finlandia, Francia, Grecia, Hungría, Islandia, Italia, Letonia, Lituania, Luxemburgo, Montenegro, Países Bajos, Polonia, Portugal, Reino Suecia, Turquía
Actualmente son 32 países miembros, con las incorporaciones más recientes de Finlandia (2023) y Suecia (2024)
SCO: China, Rusia, India, Pakistán, Irán, Kazajstán, Uzbekistán, Kirguizistán, Tayikistán
¿Qué crees que pasaría si un país oriental atacara, sin provocación previa, a un país de la OTAN? Posiblemente la OTAN, en bloque, lo defendería. ¿Y si ese país atacante fuera China o Rusia? Posiblemente los países de la OTAN tendrían un problema, se lo pensarían, harían el roncero y pedirían a algún país amigo que intercediera para restaurar la paz sin tener que intervenir belicamente. ¿Y si fuera al revés, que un país de la OTAN ataque a un país de la SCO, cómo, en realidad ha ocurrido con el ataque conjunto de Isrel y EEUU a Palestina, Irán y Liban? EEUU, Trump, se ha echado a la piscina sin mirar si había agua, el genocida Israel ataca, mata, destruye a toda esa tierra vecina con una ambición imperialista que, con el tiempo, quisiera que toda Europa fuera Israel. Pero han comprobado que Irán no es tan débil como habían calculado y EEUU, Trump pierde los calzones para conseguir un alto el fuego con Irán, país de la SCO, SCO a la que tabé pertenece China y Rusia y poder huir de ese infierno que no es el suyo, de esa guerra que no es la suya, es la de su amigo gen. ¿Y qué hace mientras tanto la rata repugnante genocida de Israel, mientras los demás parlamentan? Sigue atacando, matando, destruyendo a Palestina y Liban, países que no pertenecen a la SCO. Veremos cómo acaba todo esto, Lo que está claro, así nos lo muestra la historia, es que si nadie detiene el afán imprialista y genocida de Israel acabaremos viendo el Imperio israelí abarcando todo el oriente cercano y toda Europa.
10 abril 2026
Who is Netanyahu? A filthy, murderous, skinned rat.
Netanyahu
Even if a monkey dresses in silk, it's still a monkey.
Even if a disgusting, criminal, genocidal rat dresses in a suit and tie, it's still a disgusting, genocidal rat. This is Netanyahu, his army, and his government.
His policies are based on three crimes against humanity: killing neighbors (does this sound familiar: "Kill all those who don't think like us and all those who aren't like us—of a different race, religion, civilization, or country than ours"), destroying their homes, their land, their cities, their towns, and stealing. He violates international law, he violates the mandates of the UN, of which he is a member, and even, to continue killing, he violates its ceasefire and peace agreements. He is a truly vile, skinned rat.
But he is not the only one.
So are:
- all Israelis and non-Israelis who agree with their genocidal policy of destruction and occupation. and not only these, they are also
- all those who, whether they agree or not with their genocide, do not condemn it either explicitly or implicitly.
And you?
Humans have sensitivity and are outraged and condemn, explicitly or implicitly, genocide, selective mutilations, selective attacks on schools, hospitals and vital centers, the destruction of cities, towns, and infrastructures and the occupation of foreign territories.
Seeing the characteristics of the two groups, do you identify with the group of human beings or with the group of mangy sewer rats?
He who obeys is never wrong.
False. He who kills, destroys, and/or clothes, even if it is out of obedience, as is the case with the Israeli military who do so obeying orders, is just as much a murderer as the one who gave them the orders; they are just as deserving of eternal damnation and just as vile.
For a time, criminal military or political superiors told their subordinates: "He who obeys does not err, he is not responsible for his actions committed while obeying orders," and they said this to incite their inferiors to do their dirty work. But this is completely false. He who kills while following orders is just as much a criminal, a murderer, as the one who gave the orders. You can have these two paragraphs read by the soldiers and military personnel of Israel, the soldiers and military personnel of the US, and the soldiers and military personnel of all the world's armies who kill, destroy, and/or steal.
Just as in the 20th century the greatest criminal of the century was Hitler and his German regime, the second greatest was Mussolini and his Italian regime, and the third greatest was Franco and his Spanish regime; in the 21st century the greatest criminal of the century is Netanyahu and his Israeli regime, and the second greatest is Trump (whom he supports). If Trump stops killing, kidnapping, and stealing, and forces his friend to stop the genocides, destruction, and job losses, he could offer a very different perspective from the current one.
Netanyahu and Israel must stop killing their neighbors (Palestinians, Iranians, and Lebanese), destroying their cities, towns, and infrastructure, and must withdraw from all usurped territories. The dead cannot be resurrected, but they must restore everything that has been destroyed and occupied. All Israelis must withdraw from the destroyed and occupied territories, except for brigades of stonemasons, architects, and construction materials to rebuild everything that has been destroyed and, once rebuilt, return it to its rightful owners. No rebuilding for the enjoyment of Israelis or Americans; everything for restitution.
Palma, May 10, 2026
Antoni Ramis Caldentey
Suscribirse a:
Comentarios
(
Atom
)